Methotrexate is a critical medication for managing rheumatoid arthritis, a condition affecting millions worldwide. While it is often the first line of treatment, understanding the potential side effects is essential for those taking it. The National Health Service (NHS) outlines crucial symptoms that necessitate immediate medical attention.
Arthritis is a prevalent condition that causes pain and inflammation in the joints, impacting the quality of life for many individuals. According to the NHS, millions of people in the UK experience arthritis or similar joint-related issues. The two main types are osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis. Osteoarthritis, the more common type, typically emerges in individuals aged 45 and older, leading to pain and stiffness due to the deterioration of cartilage. In contrast, rheumatoid arthritis is an autoimmune condition where the body’s immune system mistakenly attacks the joints, causing significant pain and swelling.
While no cure exists for arthritis, various treatments can alleviate symptoms. Methotrexate is widely prescribed for rheumatoid arthritis, yet it carries possible side effects. Common side effects include nausea, loss of appetite, sore mouth, diarrhea, headaches, and hair loss. The medication can also affect blood cells and liver function, resulting in regular blood tests for monitoring. Additionally, methotrexate may heighten skin sensitivity to sunlight, prompting recommendations to limit sun exposure and apply sunscreen with a factor of 30 or higher.
Serious side effects from methotrexate are rare, occurring in fewer than 1 in 10,000 patients. Nevertheless, the NHS emphasizes the importance of seeking immediate medical advice if any of the following symptoms arise:
– **Yellowing of the skin or the whites of the eyes**, which may indicate liver issues.
– **Persistent cough, chest pain, or difficulty breathing**, possibly signaling lung inflammation.
– **Swelling in the hands, ankles, or feet**, along with changes in urination, which could suggest kidney problems.
– **High fever, muscle aches, or a sore throat**, potentially indicating an infection.
– **Bleeding gums, blood in urine, or unexplained bruising**, which might be signs of a blood disorder.
In rare instances, patients may experience a serious allergic reaction to methotrexate. The NHS advises individuals to call 999 if they notice:
– **Swelling in the lips, mouth, throat, or tongue**.
– **Rapid breathing or difficulty breathing**.
– **A tight sensation in the throat or trouble swallowing**.
– **Changes in skin color**, such as blue, grey, or pale.
– **Sudden confusion, drowsiness, or dizziness**.
– **Unresponsiveness in children or fainting** accompanied by inability to wake up.
These symptoms may also present with a rash that is swollen, raised, itchy, blistered, or peeling, indicating a serious condition requiring immediate attention.
Methotrexate is not suitable for everyone. The NHS recommends informing healthcare providers if you:
– Have a prior allergic reaction to methotrexate or any other medication.
– Are pregnant, attempting pregnancy, or breastfeeding.
– Suffer from severe liver or kidney disease or a blood disorder.
– Have an existing infection, mouth ulcers, or have been diagnosed with stomach or duodenal ulcers.
– Are scheduled to receive a live vaccine, which includes the live flu vaccine typically administered to children.
Certain medications can also interfere with methotrexate’s effectiveness. Patients should notify their doctors if they are taking:
– Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) such as ibuprofen.
– Antibiotics like co-trimoxazole or trimethoprim.
– Diuretics, such as indapamide or bendroflumethiazide.
– Antiepileptic medications like phenytoin or levetiracetam.
– Theophylline for asthma treatment.
– Indigestion medications, including omeprazole.
– Folic acid or vitamin supplements that contain folic acid.
Staying informed about potential symptoms and side effects is crucial for anyone undergoing treatment with methotrexate. For more detailed information, individuals can visit the NHS website.
