As winter progresses, the UK is witnessing a notable rise in norovirus cases, with reports indicating a staggering 57% increase in just one week. While flu cases have declined since the Christmas period, the UK Health Security Agency has alerted the public to the seasonal uptick of this highly contagious virus. As families navigate the cold months, the emphasis on hygiene and preventive measures becomes crucial.
To help mitigate the spread, health authorities advise frequent hand washing with soap and water, as alcohol-based gels do not effectively eliminate norovirus. Cleaning surfaces with bleach-based products is also recommended. If individuals experience symptoms such as diarrhoea and vomiting, they are instructed to refrain from attending work, school, or nursery until 48 hours after the last episode.
In addition to addressing norovirus concerns, readers have posed various health-related questions, seeking clarity on specific medical issues.
Understanding Vulval Lichen Sclerosus
One reader described her experience after a hospital consultation regarding a red patch on her vulva. Following an examination, the junior doctor suggested the possibility of vulval lichen sclerosus but failed to provide comprehensive information. The subsequent letter indicated the need for a “punch biopsy” to confirm the diagnosis. The reader expressed confusion and anxiety, especially at the age of 75 and with no prior health issues.
Vulval lichen sclerosus is a chronic skin condition that can cause discomfort but is not contagious. The prescribed treatment typically includes topical steroid creams, such as Dermovate 0.05%, which should be applied daily for a month, followed by a tapering regimen. The reader is encouraged to consult her GP for detailed instructions and to clarify any uncertainties regarding the use of Epimax cream for gentle cleansing.
The punch biopsy, while minor, is a standard procedure conducted under local anaesthetic to confirm the diagnosis and exclude other conditions. The importance of effective communication in healthcare settings cannot be overstated, and the reader is advised to follow up with her GP for further clarification.
Addressing Shoulder Pain in Older Adults
Another inquiry came from a 68-year-old experiencing persistent shoulder pain radiating into the arms, exacerbated by sudden movements and discomfort during sleep. This is a common complaint among older adults, and several potential causes exist.
A frequent issue for individuals over 60 is a rotator cuff injury, where the muscles and tendons stabilise the shoulder and may become worn or inflamed over time. This condition often results in pain that extends down the upper arm, especially during movement. Other possibilities include shoulder impingement or bursitis, both of which can cause irritation and pain during certain activities.
Another condition to consider is polymyalgia rheumatica (PMR), which leads to stiffness and pain in the shoulders and upper arms, particularly noticeable in the mornings. Blood tests can help identify inflammation associated with PMR, which responds well to treatment.
Given the duration and worsening of the symptoms, a visit to a GP or physiotherapist is strongly recommended. Early intervention can significantly improve quality of life, with many shoulder issues benefiting from guided rehabilitation and exercise.
These questions reflect common health concerns during the winter season, as individuals seek clarity and reassurance about their well-being. As always, consultation with healthcare professionals is vital for diagnosis and treatment.
