The National Health Service (NHS) in the United Kingdom has issued an urgent warning to patients regarding the medication dapagliflozin, commonly prescribed for type 2 diabetes, heart failure, and chronic kidney disease. The NHS advises individuals taking this medication to contact their general practitioner immediately if they experience any of three specific symptoms that could signify serious complications.
Dapagliflozin, also known under its brand name Forxiga, is among the more costly medications in the NHS formulary, with the health service spending approximately £300 million annually on it in England alone. Although exact prescription numbers are not publicly available, the drug is widely used and is also offered in combination with other diabetes treatments, such as Xigduo (dapagliflozin with metformin) and Qtern (dapagliflozin with saxagliptin), as reported by the Express.
The NHS cautions that, like all medicines, dapagliflozin can lead to unwanted side effects. They specifically highlight three concerning symptoms:
1. **Dehydration Indicators**: Patients should seek immediate assistance if they experience a very dry or sticky mouth, excessive thirst, fatigue, or infrequent urination, coupled with a fast heartbeat. These may indicate dehydration.
2. **Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) Signs**: Symptoms such as a high temperature, a burning sensation during urination, back or side pain, or the presence of blood in urine may suggest a UTI.
3. **Fournier’s Gangrene**: Severe pain, tenderness, redness, or swelling in the groin or perineal region, especially if accompanied by a high temperature or a general feeling of unwellness, could indicate a serious infection known as Fournier’s gangrene.
Although these severe side effects are classified as “rare,” occurring in less than one in 10,000 patients, the NHS emphasizes the importance of early detection and treatment. More common side effects, which occur in over one in 100 patients, include thrush, back pain, increased urination, dizziness, and mild skin rashes. The NHS reassures patients that these effects are generally mild and transient, advising them to consult a doctor or pharmacist if symptoms persist.
Patients taking dapagliflozin in conjunction with other diabetes medications, such as insulin or sulfonylureas like gliclazide, are at risk of experiencing dangerously low blood sugar levels. In some cases, patients may develop diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA), a serious condition characterized by insufficient insulin and the accumulation of harmful substances called ketones.
Signs of DKA include nausea, extreme thirst, confusion, unusual fatigue, stomach pain, fruity-smelling breath, and rapid breathing. The NHS explains that symptoms of DKA can develop rapidly—sometimes within 24 hours. They recommend that patients learn to monitor their ketone and blood sugar levels and understand the appropriate actions to take if symptoms arise.
In cases of severe allergic reactions, known as anaphylaxis, patients are advised to call emergency services immediately.
The NHS continues to prioritize patient education and safety, encouraging individuals to be vigilant about their health while taking dapagliflozin. By understanding the potential risks and symptoms associated with this medication, patients can take proactive steps to ensure their well-being.
